The Westphalian System: Established in 1648, it was the first modern concept of international order based on the sovereignty of states. Kissinger explores how this system shaped European politics and eventually spread globally.
American Exceptionalism:
Kissinger reflects on how the United States developed its own unique approach to international order, promoting democracy and liberal values.
The Rise of China: Kissinger outlines China’s long history and its re-emergence as a global power. He stresses that China’s vision of world order is rooted in its imperial past and differs from Western notions of international relations.
The Middle East: The book analyzes the turmoil in the Middle East, focusing on the conflicts between states and ideologies, and the struggle to form a stable order in the region.
The Challenge of Radical Islam: Kissinger also discusses the rise of radical Islamist movements as a challenge to the international system, which is largely based on state sovereignty.
The Future of World Order: Kissinger concludes by considering the challenges ahead, including cyber warfare, the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and the need for a more cooperative and adaptable global system to manage the rapid changes in technology and politics.
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